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	<title>NicoleBlog</title>
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	<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro</link>
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			<item>
		<title>Inca un banc</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/inca-un-banc.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/inca-un-banc.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Mar 2010 19:23:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bancuri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banc]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Un tanar si o tanara, evrei, pregatindu-se pentru cununia religioasa se intalnesc cu rabbi pentru sfaturi. La plecare, rabbinul ii intreaba daca mai au si alte intrebari.
Barbatul e foarte curios:
- Rabbi, stiu ca traditia ne spune sa dansam barbatii cu barbatii si femeile cu femeile. Totusi, am dori aprobarea sa putem dansa impreuna.
- Sub nici [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Un tanar si o tanara, evrei, pregatindu-se pentru cununia religioasa se intalnesc cu rabbi pentru sfaturi. La plecare, rabbinul ii intreaba daca mai au si alte intrebari.</p>
<p>Barbatul e foarte curios:<br />
- Rabbi, stiu ca traditia ne spune sa dansam barbatii cu barbatii si femeile cu femeile. Totusi, am dori aprobarea sa putem dansa impreuna.<br />
- Sub nici o forma – raspunse rabbi. Nu este permis ca barbatul sa danseze cu femeia.<br />
- Deci nici macar dupa casatorie nu pot sa dansez cu sotia mea?<br />
- Nu – raspunse rabbi. Este interzis.<br />
- OK – zise barbatul. Dar sex? Pot in sfirsit sa fac sex cu sotia mea?<br />
- Bineinteles – raspunse rabbi. Sex este Mitzvah (bun) in casatorie, sa faceti copii!<br />
- OK. Dar ca pozitii?<br />
- Oricum. E mitzvah!<br />
- Femeia deasupra?<br />
- Bineinteles! E mitzvah!<br />
- Caineste?<br />
- Bineinteles! E mitzvah!<br />
- Pe masa de bucatarie?<br />
- Bineinteles! E mitzvah!<br />
- Pe un covor de cauciuc, cu o sticluta cu ulei cald, citeva vibratoare, hamuri de piele, un borcanel de miere si cu citeva filme porno?<br />
- Bineinteles! E mitzvah!<br />
- Putem sa o facem si stand in picioare?<br />
- Nu, sub nici o forma, e interzis!<br />
- De ce? – intreba nedumerit barbatul.<br />
- Poate sa degenereze in dans !</p>
<p>sursa: http://deceblog.net/</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Pick-a-Boc</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/pick-a-boc.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/pick-a-boc.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:53:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[umor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[boc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[elena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[traian]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Eterna si Fascinanta Romanie 
Cele mai recente reclame -marca BOC-  
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="View Eterna si Fascinanta Romanie on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/28406350/Eterna-si-Fascinanta-Romanie" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">Eterna si Fascinanta Romanie</a> <object id="doc_685471217144226" name="doc_685471217144226" height="600" width="100%" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;" ><param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"><param name="wmode" value="opaque"><param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=28406350&#038;access_key=key-1aa22olc8ytdbvqxrftc&#038;page=1&#038;viewMode=slideshow"><embed id="doc_685471217144226" name="doc_685471217144226" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=28406350&#038;access_key=key-1aa22olc8ytdbvqxrftc&#038;page=1&#038;viewMode=slideshow" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="600" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"></embed></object><br />
Cele mai recente reclame -marca BOC-  </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Bancul zilei</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/bancul-zilei-4.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/bancul-zilei-4.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Mar 2010 14:17:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bancuri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[umor]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[1.Un tip beat la un bar cere la chelner sa ii serveasca 3 cafele.
 &#8211; Trei cafele?
 &#8211; Da, una pentru mine, una pentru tine si alta pentru ma-ta.
 A doua zi, acelasi tip beat cere la acelasi chelner:
 &#8211; Trei cafele..
 &#8211; Trei?&#8230;
 &#8211; Da .. TREI &#8230;. una pentru mine, una pentru tine [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1.Un tip beat la un bar cere la chelner sa ii serveasca 3 cafele.<br />
 &#8211; Trei cafele?<br />
 &#8211; Da, una pentru mine, una pentru tine si alta pentru ma-ta.<br />
 A doua zi, acelasi tip beat cere la acelasi chelner:<br />
 &#8211; Trei cafele..<br />
 &#8211; Trei?&#8230;<br />
 &#8211; Da .. TREI &#8230;. una pentru mine, una pentru tine si alta pentru ma-ta.<br />
 Chelnerul nu a mai putut sa se  abtina, a sarit peste masa si l-a snopit in bataie pe betivan.<br />
 O zi mai tarziu, apare tipul plin de vanatai la bar.<br />
 Chelnerul ironic il intreaba:<br />
 &#8211; Trei cafele?&#8230;.<br />
 &#8211; Nu! raspunde betivanul<br />
 &#8211; Doar doua: una pentru mine si una pentru ma-ta. Pentru tine nu, ca te agita.</p>
<p>2.Recent a fost efectuat un sondaj de opinie in Italia, in care intrebarea era:<br />
 -&#8221;Credeti ca sunt prea multi straini in tara ?&#8221;<br />
 Rezultatele au fost dupa cum urmeaza:<br />
20% dintre respondenti au spus &#8220;Si&#8221;<br />
10% dintre respondenti au spus &#8220;No&#8221;<br />
70% dintre respondenti au spus: &#8220;Ei, pe dracu&#8221;</p>
<p>3.Intr-un autobuz ticsit de lume, urca un om.. Se aseaza langa o femeie sexi si-i pune mana pe san.<br />
 &#8211; Asculta nerusinatule, nu poti sa-ti pui mana in alta parte?<br />
 Omul o priveste ganditor.<br />
 &#8211; Nu ma provocati doamna, nu ma provocati </p>
<p>4.Soacra, pe patul de moarte catre ginere:<br />
 &#8211; Sa repari (tuseshte, sleita de puteri) pendula aia de pe (tuseste iar) perete&#8230;<br />
 &#8211; O repar mama soacara, o repar; dumneata concentreaza-te acolo</p>
<p>5.Cum incepe o reteta tiganeasca de prajituri ?<br />
Se fura patru oua &#8230;.</p>
<p>6.Poza zilei  <img src='http://www.nicoleblog.ro/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
<a href="http://i39.tinypic.com/256d7uo.gif"><img alt="" src="http://i39.tinypic.com/256d7uo.gif" class="alignnone" width="280" height="232" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Clickuri de primavara</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/clickuri-de-primavara.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/clickuri-de-primavara.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Mar 2010 07:59:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Diverse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[topografie]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[http://www.procreo.jp/labo/flower_garden.swf
http://www.earthalbum.com/
http://www.britannica.com/worldsapart/splash.swf
http://www.contraclave.org/mambiente/biomas.swf
http://www.educa.jcyl.es/educacyl/cm/gallery/recursos%20matchmind/mapas1/mapas.htm
http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g3_u6/index.html
http://digilander.libero.it/sussidi.didattici/coordinate.html
http://www.oup.com/images/es/pdf/9788467327779.swf
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.procreo.jp/labo/flower_garden.swf">http://www.procreo.jp/labo/flower_garden.swf</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.earthalbum.com/">http://www.earthalbum.com/</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.britannica.com/worldsapart/splash.swf">http://www.britannica.com/worldsapart/splash.swf</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.contraclave.org/mambiente/biomas.swf">http://www.contraclave.org/mambiente/biomas.swf</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.educa.jcyl.es/educacyl/cm/gallery/recursos%20matchmind/mapas1/mapas.htm">http://www.educa.jcyl.es/educacyl/cm/gallery/recursos%20matchmind/mapas1/mapas.htm</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g3_u6/index.html">http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g3_u6/index.html</a></p>
<p><a href="http://digilander.libero.it/sussidi.didattici/coordinate.html">http://digilander.libero.it/sussidi.didattici/coordinate.html</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.oup.com/images/es/pdf/9788467327779.swf">http://www.oup.com/images/es/pdf/9788467327779.swf</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Colectie de harti</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/colectie-de-harti.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/colectie-de-harti.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Mar 2010 14:01:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[topografie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cartografie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[documente istorice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[harti]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Harti rare existente în patrimoniul Bibliotecii Academiei Române
Organizate ca o colecţie aparte , fondurile de hărţi şi atlase numără 552 de atlase, 16.606 hărţi, 3786 planuri de moşii, 250 hărţi murale, hărţi în relief şi planigloburi. 
Având un caracter naţional prin excelenţă, colecţia conţine material cartografic referitor la provinciile româneşti, ex.: Mappa Specialis Walachiae de [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Harti rare existente în patrimoniul Bibliotecii Academiei Române</p>
<p>Organizate ca o colecţie aparte , fondurile de hărţi şi atlase numără 552 de atlase, 16.606 hărţi, 3786 planuri de moşii, 250 hărţi murale, hărţi în relief şi planigloburi. </p>
<p>Având un caracter naţional prin excelenţă, colecţia conţine material cartografic referitor la provinciile româneşti, ex.: Mappa Specialis Walachiae de 1788; Harta Moldovei, desenată de Rhigas Velestinli, 1792; Harta Principatelor Unite, 1860-1865, sau alte hărţi ale României întocmite de geografi celebri precum Schmidt, Konrad, Bieltz, Mercator. </p>
<p>Materialul cartografic, foarte variat, este de o valoare incontestabilă pentru studiul istoriei naţionale. Printre piesele reprezentative se află atlasul lui Ortelius  , sau hărţi străine, opere ale unor geografi celebri ca Homann, Seutter, Kepert, Delisle sau Sanson . </p>
<p>Eveniment crucial al istoriei României, reîntregirea ţării în 1918 este marcată de harta care cuprinde toate provinciile româneşti în interiorulul aceleaşi entităţi statale, aşa cum a fost ea recunoscută în urma Tratatului de la Trianon .</p>
<p>Colecţia de cartografie deţine un material documentar de mare valoare, rod al muncii unor cartografi şi editori cunoscuţi pe plan internaţional cum ar fi Ortelius, Lazius, Castaldo, Mercator, G. De l&#8217;Isle, Homanno etc. În colecţie există manuscrise, gravuri, tipărituri, hărţi în relief dar şi reproduceri după imagini preluate prin satelit cu aparatură specială. </p>
<p>Cei interesaţi de evoluţia cartografiei pot consulta o copie după &#8220;Tabula Peutengeriana&#8221; dar şi materiale specifice pentru secolele XVI-XVIII, cum ar fi un glob maritim olandez din sec. XVII, pot urmări pe hărţi evenimente istorice importante şi consecinţele acestora, cum ar fi modificările de graniţe. În acest context putem urmări istoria Ţărilor Române de-alungul veacurilor, dar şi destinul României contemporane în context european şi universal.</p>
<p>Fondul este compus din hărţi geologice (Spania, Canada, Africa, România  pe judeţe); harta mişcărilor crustale; harta solurilor, a vegetaţiei, a climei, hărţi hidrografice şi litofaciale ale României; planuri de oraşe şi de moşii; schiţe topografice cade exemplu pentru jud. Ialomiţa sau Buzău; gravuri pe plăci de cupru, ex. &#8220;Atlas Minor&#8221;; atlase geografice (Andrees Handatlas); atlase climatice (Klimadiagram Weltatlas).</p>
<p>Pentru raritatea lor dar şi pentru importanţa lor documentară menţionăm următoarele lucrări cartografice: &#8220;Daciarum Moesiarumque Vetus Descriptio&#8221; de Philippus Cliverius, &#8220;Militarische Carte der Kleinen&#8230;.&#8221; realizată de  Obristen Specht. </p>
<p>Una din planşele care constituiau harta Imperiului Otoman are titlul &#8220;La Moldavie, la Walakie et la Transylvanie&#8221;. Trei copii, anexe ale lucrării &#8220;Histoire de la Geographie&#8221;, sunt intitulate: &#8220;Typus Orbis Terrarum&#8221; / Abraham Ortelius, 1587; &#8221; Cartographie de Moyen Âge&#8221;  cu adaosuri şi lămuriri în text şi &#8220;Développement Progressif &#8230;..&#8221;.  </p>
<p>Deţinem un exemplar al hărţii intitulată  &#8220;Romaniae quae olim Thracia dicta est vicinorumquae regionum Bulgariae, Walachiae, Syrviae etc. descriptio&#8230;&#8221; desenată în 1584 de Iacobo Castaldo. Este vorba de provincia Romagna, cunoscută în epocă sub numele de Rumelia, parte a Imperiului Otoman, intens populată de vlahi, nu de teritoriul actual al României.</p>
<p>De o mare valoare istorică sunt atlasele între care amintim: &#8220;Atlas Maritimo de España&#8221;, 1786 în 2 volume; &#8220;Schauplatz der Fünf Theile der Welt&#8221; realizat de Franz Johan şi Joseph von Reilly în anul 1789; &#8220;The Times Atlas of the World&#8221; alcătuit de John Bartholomew în anul 1958 în 5 volume.</p>
<p>Cea mai veche şi mai reuşită reprezentare cartografică a Daciei, mult superioară hărţilor generale realizate în epoca romană, este &#8220;Tabula Peutengeriana&#8221;. Originalul se află la Viena. În colecţia noastră există o copie.</p>
<p>Alte documente cartografice, importatnte pentru ţara noastră sunt: &#8220;Nova Transylvaniae Principatus Tabula Novissima Descriptio&#8221; publicată de Cornelius Danckerts şi care reprezintă în detaliu comitatele şi oraşele principatului cu denumirile din epocă: d&#8217;Albe Julie, Altland, Burceland, Villae Valache, Moldaviae&#8230; etc. ; &#8220;Nova et Accurata Transilvaniae Descriptio&#8221; este parte a &#8220;Atlas Contractus&#8221; tipărit în 1766 de Ioannes Ianssonius; Nicolas de Fer a realizat o hartă a teatrului de războiul pentru frontiere de la Viena la Constantinopole; </p>
<p>&#8220;Le Royaume de Hongrie et de Pays&#8230;.&#8221; este o completare a lucrării lui Guillaume de l&#8217;Isle &#8220;Nova et Accurata Regni Hungariae Tabula&#8221; ; Gerard Mercator a realizat în 1607 o imagine cartografică a Ţării Româneşti, în context sud-european, cu titlul &#8220;Walachia, Servia, Bulgaria et Romagna&#8221;, parte a unei lucrări de anvergură intitulată &#8220;Atlas Minor&#8221;.</p>
<p>p.s.The Tabula Peutingeriana is one of the Austrian National Library&#8217;s greatest treasures.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Harti mai neobisnuite</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/harti-mai-neobisnuite.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/harti-mai-neobisnuite.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Mar 2010 13:42:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[topografie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[harti neobisnuite]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Hartile sunt forme universale de comunicare, usor de inteles si apreciat, indiferent de cultura sau de limba. Prin intermediul  hartilor  se pot identifica diferite perioade de timp si o diversitate de culturi ; hartile pot fi importante (maritime, meteo, politice, economice, militare) , pot fi harti de amuzament, harti pentru copii, harti pentru [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hartile sunt forme universale de comunicare, usor de inteles si apreciat, indiferent de cultura sau de limba. Prin intermediul  hartilor  se pot identifica diferite perioade de timp si o diversitate de culturi ; hartile pot fi importante (maritime, meteo, politice, economice, militare) , pot fi harti de amuzament, harti pentru copii, harti pentru lucrul individual sau harti mai neobisnuite. Elementele care figureaza pe harti definesc tipul hartii. Indiferent de natura lor, hartile au confirmat rolul vital pe care l-au avut de-a lungul istoriei in comert, arta, literatura, cultura in general .</p>
<p><a href="http://i44.tinypic.com/2vsrq7b.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i44.tinypic.com/2vsrq7b.jpg" class="alignnone" width="319" height="224" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i44.tinypic.com/4qmrsg.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i44.tinypic.com/4qmrsg.jpg" class="alignnone" width="320" height="299" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i43.tinypic.com/2enlzed.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i43.tinypic.com/2enlzed.jpg" class="alignnone" width="300" height="256" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i42.tinypic.com/11qpl42.jpg">http://i42.tinypic.com/11qpl42.jpg</a></p>
<p><a href="http://i40.tinypic.com/104ng4o.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i40.tinypic.com/104ng4o.jpg" class="alignnone" width="300" height="222" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i42.tinypic.com/bi9fcz.jpg">http://i42.tinypic.com/bi9fcz.jpg</a></p>
<p><a href="http://i40.tinypic.com/ak8n81.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i40.tinypic.com/ak8n81.jpg" class="alignnone" width="300" height="239" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i43.tinypic.com/fl8w88.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i43.tinypic.com/fl8w88.jpg" class="alignnone" width="300" height="198" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i43.tinypic.com/2hd5g8o.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i43.tinypic.com/2hd5g8o.jpg" class="alignnone" width="300" height="218" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i41.tinypic.com/2m76tf7.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i41.tinypic.com/2m76tf7.jpg" class="alignnone" width="300" height="90" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i43.tinypic.com/2h3x6l4.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i43.tinypic.com/2h3x6l4.jpg" class="alignnone" width="300" height="115" /></a></p>
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<p><a href="http://i42.tinypic.com/1osr5h.jpg">http://i42.tinypic.com/1osr5h.jpg</a></p>
<p><a href="http://i41.tinypic.com/126ckkw.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i41.tinypic.com/126ckkw.jpg" class="alignnone" width="320" height="205" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://i42.tinypic.com/8vqgyf.jpg">http://i42.tinypic.com/8vqgyf.jpg</a></p>
<p><a href="http://i44.tinypic.com/huqd78.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i44.tinypic.com/huqd78.jpg" class="alignnone" width="319" height="203" /></a></p>
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<p>sursa: <a href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/akerman/">http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/akerman/</a></p>
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		<title>Istoria hartilor in date</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/istoria-hartilo-in-date.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/istoria-hartilo-in-date.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 18:30:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[topografie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[harti]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ &#8211; in 1930, la Kirkuk, in Irak, a fost descoperita o placa de argila pe care sant gravate ape, munti, asezari din aceasta regiune, si sant indicate punctele cardinale. Aceasta este considerata cea mai veche reprezentare cartografica cunoscuta psna in prezent si a fost realizata in jurul anului 3000 i.e.n. 
 &#8211; cea mai [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> &#8211; in 1930, la Kirkuk, in Irak, a fost descoperita o placa de argila pe care sant gravate ape, munti, asezari din aceasta regiune, si sant indicate punctele cardinale. Aceasta este considerata cea mai veche reprezentare cartografica cunoscuta psna in prezent si a fost realizata in jurul anului 3000 i.e.n. </p>
<p> &#8211; cea mai veche harta pastrata pana in zilele noastre e un pergament care dateaza din timpul domniei faraonului Seti I (1304-1290 i.e.n.). harta cuprindea reprezentari in culori ale formelor de relief:muntii (rosu),apele (albastru),drumurile (negru) etc.</p>
<p>-	in 550 i.e.n.,naturalistul si filosoful grec Anaximandru a realizat prima harta geografica, pe o placa de alama. Pamantul era reprezentat sub forma de disc. Ea nu s-a pastrat insa despre ea a scris istoricul Herodot si filosoful Aristotel.</p>
<p>-secolele IV-III i.e.n. istoricul, geograful si filosoful grec Dicearh realizeaza prima harta pe care apar linii conventionale (sistem de referinta) pentru calculul coordonatelor.Este vorba de un &#8220;ecuator&#8221; numit &#8220;diafragma&#8221;, care impartea lumea cunoscuta in doua.Acest &#8220;ecuator&#8221;, care strabatea Marea Mediterana, era impartit in &#8220;stadii&#8221; perpendiculare pe el.</p>
<p>-	in 240 i.e.n., astronomul, matematicianul si filosoful grec Eratostene -cel care a folosit pentru intaia oara termenul geografie- realizeaza primul mapamond, pe care teritoriile cunocute in vremea aceea sunt distribuite in trei grupe: Europa, Libia(Africa) si Asia, toate inconjurate de o mare exterioara.</p>
<p>-	in preajma anului 160 i.e.n., filosoful, astronomul si geograful grec Hiparh intemeietorul geografiei matematice, introduce notiunile de latitudine si longitudine, prin impartirea paralelelor si meridianelor in grade.Este cel dintai geograf care a pus problema transpunerii globului pamantesc pe o suprafata plana si a reprezentarii meridianelor prin curbe convergente.</p>
<p>-	 in secolul II e.n. traieste Claudiu Ptolemeu considerat cel mai mare cartograf al antichitatii.Cele 27 de harti anexate Tratatului de geografie matematica sunt considerate a alcatuii cel dintai atlas geografic cunoscut.</p>
<p> &#8211; geograful arab Abu-Abdallah Muhammad Al Idrisi a alcatuit un atlas geografic, in 1154, compus din 71 de harti. </p>
<p>-	 primele harti maritime apar in secolele XII-XIII.Pe ele sunt indicate porturile, punctele de aprovizionare maritime si oceanice si distantele masurate in  zile.<br />
-	In 1474, apare harta astronomului si geografului italian Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, de mare importanta pentru cunoastere Pamantului.Harta a fost folosita de Cristofor Columb in prima sa calatorie.</p>
<p>-	primul glob geografic a aparut în 1492. Autorul lui este cosmograful si navigatorul german Martin Behaim, care, pentru a-l realiza, a folosit harta lui Toscanelli.</p>
<p>-	In 1505, pe schita de harta executata de spaniolul Juan de la Cosa, apar pentru prima oara clar reprezentate America separat de Asia, America de Sud, Africa si Europa.</p>
<p>-	Gerhard Kremer intocmeste, in 1569, prima harta hidrografica pentru navigatie.</p>
<p>-	Cel dintai atlas al marilor si oceanelor, intitulat &#8220;Oglinda marina&#8221;, apare in anul 1584 si este opera danezului Lucas Wagenauer.</p>
<p>-	In 1820, meteorologul german Hinrich Wilhelm Brandes intocmeste prima harta climatologica a lumii.</p>
<p> &#8211; in tara noastra, prima harta in care figureaza Dacia este „Tabula Peutingeriana“ , copie realizata in 1265 după un exemplar din secolul II -III. </p>
<p> &#8211; cele mai vechi documente cartografice europene in care apar Tarile Romane sant patru harti editate la Venetia in 1546, 1548, 1559 si 1584. </p>
<p> &#8211; „Descriptio Moldavae“, lucrarea lui Dimitrie Cantemir din 1716, cuprinde si prima harta romaneasca, reprezentand Moldova. </p>
<p>- Johannes Honterus a facut prima harta a tarii tiparita la noi. A aparut in 1530 si a fost folosita ca manual scolar pana in sec XVIII. Honterus a publicat-o in atlasul sau din 1542, „Rudimenta Cosmographica“. Pe aceasta harta, Romania apare cu numele de Dacia, iar celelalte toponimii sant mentionate in limba latina. Brasovul este denumit Corona.</p>
<p>-	primul atlas geografic din Romania apare in anul 1865. </p>
<p>-	dupa 1957, tehnica intocmirii hartilor se modernizeaza prin folosirea satelitilor</p>
<p>sursa:wikipedia</p>
<p><a href="http://i44.tinypic.com/s6qcux.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i44.tinypic.com/s6qcux.jpg" class="alignnone" width="440" height="170" /></a><br />
Tabula Peutingeriana-foto</p>
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		<title>Globe projector</title>
		<link>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/globe-projector.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.nicoleblog.ro/2010/03/globe-projector.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:27:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anais Nicole</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Diverse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[project of National Geographic]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Introduction and Overview of Xpedition Hall:

Imagine discovering a museum where you can take a transcontinental train ride, view the Earth from outer space, and witness the eruption of a volcano. In fact, you have! Welcome to National Geographic’s Xpedition Hall, a virtual museum filled with interactive exhibits designed to provoke reflection on how human beings [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Introduction and Overview of Xpedition Hall:<br />
<a href="http://i48.tinypic.com/5lou0x.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://i48.tinypic.com/5lou0x.jpg" class="alignnone" width="380" height="200" /></a></p>
<p>Imagine discovering a museum where you can take a transcontinental train ride, view the Earth from outer space, and witness the eruption of a volcano. In fact, you have! Welcome to National Geographic’s Xpedition Hall, a virtual museum filled with interactive exhibits designed to provoke reflection on how human beings shape and are shaped by the world in which we live. Xpedition Hall is built around the National Geography Standards, a set of eighteen statements that describes the foundations of geographic literacy. (For more information, click “Standards” on the Xpeditions homepage.) The Hall contains one exhibit for each of the standards, and groups these exhibits into six galleries, which correspond to the standards’ six underlying “elements”: </p>
<p>I.   The World in Spatial Terms<br />
II. Places and Regions<br />
III. Physical Systems<br />
IV. Human Systems<br />
V. Environment and Society<br />
VI. The Uses of Geography</p>
<p>Gallery I-VI [<a href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/hall/">+</a>]</p>
<p>Moving Through Xpedition Hall: </p>
<p>Visitors enter Xpedition Hall by appearing to float down through a transparent dome toward the floor and click “Enter.” This sets them in the middle of the hall, facing down a path towards gallery I, &#8220;The World in Spatial Terms.&#8221; Clicking on the path brings them to an archway. They can then click onto paths to the right (path II) or left (path VI) which allows them to move in different directions within the hall. This can be repeated to face down any pathway. The simplest method, however, is to use the floorplan of the hall that appears on the screen to the right. Visitors can click one of the round circles around the central circle, and easily move to that location in the hall. </p>
<p>Moving the mouse into any gallery on the diagram makes the gallery light up. The name of that gallery appears in yellow just below the diagram, and a small red “X” appears in the lit yellow circle, showing the visitor&#8217;s location. The first dot in every gallery lights up blue when a mouse is on it. Clicking on it to move there turns it yellow and it gets a red “X.” The blue dot is just a location from which to stand and look at the gallery exhibits. Other dots within that gallery are the exhibits themselves. Starting from gallery I, and progressing to the right (or clockwise) through all six galleries, exhibits are labeled X1 through X18. The “X” stands for “Xpedition.&#8221; </p>
<p>Xpedition Hall can be viewed using the QuickTime virtual reality capability of the site by clicking on the initials &#8220;QTVR,&#8221; which appear on the screen. This lets visitors &#8220;stand&#8221; in the middle of the dome and look around them to see the layout of the building. You can also do this within the six galleries, which allows visitors to scan the area in which they are standing as if they were in the building or the galleries. </p>
<p>Besides being an interesting way of viewing the hall, virtual reality can be used creatively by teachers to involve a wide range of students. Assignments in mapping, for example, can be created by letting students explore the site using virtual reality and then assigning them to draw maps of the site or of individual galleries. Teachers involved with art can use virtual reality in discussing perspective. They can assign students to draw the same location after viewing it from the side using the virtual reality tool, but translate that into a view from above. Lessons in geography including directions and using a compass can also be developed. For instance, a class might assign one direction within the hall as North, and students would then write directions to different sites or draw maps, based on the points of a compass. </p>
<p>Exhibits and Activities: </p>
<p>The galleries and their related activities are organized according to the six elements of the National Geography Standards, as follows: </p>
<p>Gallery I : The World In Spatial Terms </p>
<p>X1 Globe Projector: Uses maps and other geographic tools to explore information from a spatial point of view. Shows that different map projections distort or emphasize geographic features, and how maps can illustrate many kinds of information including physical geography and political organization.</p>
<p>X2 Mental Mapper: Shows the use of mental maps to organize information in a spatial context. Illustrates how children and adults are different in the ways they organize information including the &#8220;mental maps&#8221; they make of locations and how to find their way to an objective.</p>
<p> X3 World Viewer: Shows visitors six different kinds of information in spatial terms including population growth, surface temperature, language, hours of sunshine, biomass energy and religion. Helps visitors see worldwide patterns, how uses and resources impact each other.</p>
<p>Gallery II: Places and Regions </p>
<p> X4 Locator Booth: Explores physical and human characteristics of places. Helps students understand the relationships between factors such as terrain, population, rainfall, animal life, language and culture by illustrating their distribution in the world. </p>
<p>X5 The Satellite Spyglass: Telescopes visitors&#8217; view of the Earth, dropping them in stages lower and lower from a point in outer space where they can see the entire globe, until they are just above the National Geographic Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Students learn that we can make sense of our complex world by dividing it into different regions of three types: formal, functional and perceptual.<br />
X6 Culture Goggles: Demonstrates how culture affects our perceptions by illustrating how the city of Jerusalem appears through the eyes of people from three faiths: Jewish, Christian and Muslim.</p>
<p>Gallery III: Physical Systems</p>
<p> X7 Big Island Pool: Demonstrates how the forces of water (hydrosphere), wind (atmosphere) and geology (lithosphere) mold and give shape to the Earth in which we live.</p>
<p>X8 Eco-Cycle: Surveys how different plants and animals survive in an Alpine Desert, Lava Field, Grassland, Open Forest, and a Rain Forest. This activity explores some of the ways life forms have adapted to fit into the local ecology.</p>
<p>Gallery IV: Human Systems </p>
<p>X9 Migration Station: Promotes understanding of why people migrate, using a virtual train station. Includes maps showing migration patterns within Europe including Iceland, Russia, Italy, France, Germany and Great Britain. </p>
<p>X10 Xpeditions Express: Transports visitors in a railroad car from which they catch glimpses of cities from London to Istanbul. They see how different cultures shape the look and feel of cities and communities as these appear through the windows. </p>
<p>X11 Rail Traffic Controller: Traces railroad cargoes and destinations on a rail traffic control board. By tracking imports and exports, visitors can understand how countries become related through mutual dependence on raw materials and finished goods. </p>
<p>X12 Paris Scope: Carries visitors through the city in the Paris Metro, stopping at the stations of Bastille, Cite, Cluny and Etoile. Passengers see changes in the patterns of human settlement through time, and learn how these have shaped the Paris of today. </p>
<p>X13 The Advisory Board: Describes forces for cooperation and conflict among civilizations from 1916 to 1991, through the warnings of a Travel Advisory Board. Visitors witness the results of action from both cooperation and conflict, and how these have shaped the history of Europe.</p>
<p>Gallery V: Environment and Society </p>
<p>X 14 The Garden: Explores modern day Japan, highlighting changes in housing, industry and transportation. Demonstrates how these changes have affected the land, water and wildlife of this island nation.</p>
<p>X 15 Living Landscapes: Illustrates natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic explosions, mudslides and forest fires. Visitors learn about these events, how they affect human communities, and discover that living anywhere involves some risks. </p>
<p>X 16 Sushi Bar: Tempts visitors with samples at a sushi bar, so they can see how resources from many regions are focused on local needs. Sampling Ebi (shrimp), Ika (squid) and Tako (octopus), students learn that even as it holds onto its traditional culture, Japan is in the midst of great change and depends on resources from all over the world.</p>
<p>Gallery VI: The Uses of Geography </p>
<p> X 17 The Dig: Promotes an understanding of how humans have evolved by showing the way a skeleton gives up secrets from the past. Shows how skeletal remains tell us about how our ancestors adapted to the regions in which they lived. </p>
<p>X 18 Uplink Outpost: Downloads e-mail from Dr. George Stuart, the National Geographic&#8217;s Chairman of the Committee for Research and Exploration. Visitors become involved by sharing with the Director their ideas about how to respond creatively to the rapid pace of change in our world.</p>
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